Walnut

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Wave 1 WinnerFhenix Privacy-by-Design Buildathon
Confidential Lending on EVM Powered by Fhenix.

Borrow and Manage RiskWithout Exposing Your Numbers.

Walnut keeps collateral, debt, and liquidation-sensitive values encrypted by default while still enabling a complete lending workflow.

Encrypted Collateral
Permit-Based Decrypt
Sealed-Bid Auctions
ENS Wallet Linking

Protocol View

Encrypted Position

Collateral

••••••(private)

Debt

•••(private)

Health FactorSAFE

1.85

LTV

80% cap

Auction

sealed bid

Wallets

ENS linked

* Powered by Fhenix CoFHE

Public liquidation bots monitor every wallet
$12.4 billion liquidated annually across DeFi
Every borrow position is fully visible on traditional DeFi
MEV bots extract value from transparent liquidations
Your collateral ratio is public information
Liquidators compete on speed, not fairness
Public liquidation bots monitor every wallet
$12.4 billion liquidated annually across DeFi
Every borrow position is fully visible on traditional DeFi
MEV bots extract value from transparent liquidations
Your collateral ratio is public information
Liquidators compete on speed, not fairness
Public liquidation bots monitor every wallet
$12.4 billion liquidated annually across DeFi
Every borrow position is fully visible on traditional DeFi
MEV bots extract value from transparent liquidations
Your collateral ratio is public information
Liquidators compete on speed, not fairness
Confidential Lending Protocol

Private lending that actually explains what Walnut does.

Encrypted collateral, private debt positions, and sealed-bid liquidations on Fhenix.

THE PROBLEM

Public Ledgers Expose Your Positions.

Every borrow broadcasts your collateral, debt, health factor, and liquidation threshold to every MEV bot on the network.

r/ethfinance
u/0xAnon_Trader

My liquidation was frontrun by a bot that watched my health factor

I was at 1.08 health factor on Aave. Before I could add collateral, a bot liquidated me at max penalty. It had been watching my position for days. Is there any way to borrow without your risk level being public?

r/defi
u/InstitutionalDesk

Can a counterparty see my full collateral position on Aave?

We're evaluating on-chain lending for a fund. The problem is our entire collateral stack would be publicly visible. Competitors could see our leverage. Compliance won't allow it. Is there any private alternative?

r/UniSwap
u/whale_watcher

How to hide your borrowing position from other traders?

Every time I take a large borrow, someone seems to know my liquidation threshold and pushes the price there. It's not paranoia — my wallet is public and my health factor is readable by anyone.

r/CryptoCurrency
u/DeFi_Lurker

DeFi lending is basically broadcasting your financial life to the entire chain

Your collateral, your debt, your risk tolerance, your repayment history — all of it is public. Every analytics tool can profile you. This is the opposite of financial privacy.

r/ethfinance
u/0xAnon_Trader

My liquidation was frontrun by a bot that watched my health factor

I was at 1.08 health factor on Aave. Before I could add collateral, a bot liquidated me at max penalty. It had been watching my position for days. Is there any way to borrow without your risk level being public?

r/defi
u/InstitutionalDesk

Can a counterparty see my full collateral position on Aave?

We're evaluating on-chain lending for a fund. The problem is our entire collateral stack would be publicly visible. Competitors could see our leverage. Compliance won't allow it. Is there any private alternative?

r/UniSwap
u/whale_watcher

How to hide your borrowing position from other traders?

Every time I take a large borrow, someone seems to know my liquidation threshold and pushes the price there. It's not paranoia — my wallet is public and my health factor is readable by anyone.

r/CryptoCurrency
u/DeFi_Lurker

DeFi lending is basically broadcasting your financial life to the entire chain

Your collateral, your debt, your risk tolerance, your repayment history — all of it is public. Every analytics tool can profile you. This is the opposite of financial privacy.

ArXiv
Academic

Quantifying MEV in DeFi Lending Protocols

Research documents over $500M extracted from DeFi users through liquidation MEV. Transparent health factors allow bots to calculate exact liquidation points and execute with precision timing, extracting maximum penalty from borrowers.

ArXiv
Academic

On the Privacy of DeFi Position Data

Public on-chain state exposes complete borrower profiles — collateral composition, debt levels, and repayment behaviour. Combined with address clustering, this enables complete financial deanonymization of DeFi participants.

Fhenix Research
Technical

Why Institutions Won't Touch Transparent Lending Rails

Compliance frameworks prohibit deployment of risk books on public infrastructure. Transparent collateral positions create legal, competitive, and regulatory exposure. FHE-based lending is the only viable path for institutional on-chain credit.

DeFi Pulse
Analysis

$2.3B in institutional capital seeking private lending rails

Funds and family offices are actively evaluating on-chain lending but cannot proceed on transparent protocols. The demand for encrypted lending infrastructure is documented and unmet.

ArXiv
Academic

Quantifying MEV in DeFi Lending Protocols

Research documents over $500M extracted from DeFi users through liquidation MEV. Transparent health factors allow bots to calculate exact liquidation points and execute with precision timing, extracting maximum penalty from borrowers.

ArXiv
Academic

On the Privacy of DeFi Position Data

Public on-chain state exposes complete borrower profiles — collateral composition, debt levels, and repayment behaviour. Combined with address clustering, this enables complete financial deanonymization of DeFi participants.

Fhenix Research
Technical

Why Institutions Won't Touch Transparent Lending Rails

Compliance frameworks prohibit deployment of risk books on public infrastructure. Transparent collateral positions create legal, competitive, and regulatory exposure. FHE-based lending is the only viable path for institutional on-chain credit.

DeFi Pulse
Analysis

$2.3B in institutional capital seeking private lending rails

Funds and family offices are actively evaluating on-chain lending but cannot proceed on transparent protocols. The demand for encrypted lending infrastructure is documented and unmet.

What is Walnut?

A confidential lending protocol where your collateral, debt, and liquidation threshold stay encrypted on-chain — while a complete lending workflow still runs. Built on Fhenix CoFHE.

Sealed-Bid Liquidations

Liquidators submit encrypted bids. Walnut privately selects the lowest penalty using FHE computation without revealing any bid publicly. Only the winning liquidator is revealed at settlement.

Borrowers receive the best available liquidation outcome while MEV bots see nothing.

FHE.selectverifyDecryptResultSafe

Encrypted Health Factor

Health factor calculations run on encrypted collateral and debt using FHE arithmetic. Liquidation checks execute privately through syncPositionGuardCheck using enclave signatures without exposing user positions on-chain.

No plaintext values are stored or emitted.

FHE.divFHE.allowPublic

Encrypted Credit Scoring

Repayment history stays encrypted while Walnut privately computes credit tiers and borrowing power. Users prove reliability without exposing financial history.

euint128Tiered LTV

P2P Encrypted Terms

Loan terms including APR, size, and duration remain encrypted between lender and borrower. Third parties never see agreement details before or after settlement.

FHE.allowPrivate APR

ENS Wallet Aggregation

Aggregate collateral across multiple wallets under one ENS identity without publicly linking addresses together.

Higher capital efficiency. Zero wallet exposure.

FHE.addENS

Client-Driven Enclave Decryption Sync

Sensitive protocol actions utilize Client-Driven Decryption Sync. Enclave nodes decrypt variables off-chain, producing secure ECDSA signatures verified on-chain via verifyDecryptResultSafe. Plaintext values exist only during transaction execution.

FHE.allowPublicverifyDecryptResultSafeFHE.selectPermit ACL
Architecture

Powered by Fhenix

Fhenix is confidential computation layer for Ethereum using Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE). Instead of creating another isolated blockchain, Fhenix enables encrypted execution across existing EVM ecosystems through its CoFHE coprocessor architecture.

Encrypted Computation

Smart contracts process encrypted data without exposing underlying values.

Confidential Smart Contracts

Application logic, balances, and user interactions remain private by default.

Selective Decryption

Only authorized users or systems can reveal outputs when necessary.

Cross-Chain Confidentiality

Designed to integrate with Ethereum, Arbitrum, Base, and other EVM ecosystems.

Step 1

Encrypted Input

Data enters the system in encrypted form

Step 2

FHE Computation

Processing happens on encrypted data without decryption

Step 3

Encrypted Output

Results remain encrypted, preserving privacy

How It Works

Protocol Flow

Client-side encryption to enclave-signed decryption synchronization, every step documented with technical precision.

PHASE 01

Client-Side Encryption

Your deposit amount is encrypted using FHE in your browser before leaving your wallet.

PHASE 02

Submit Transaction

Encrypted collateral calldata is submitted to WalnutLending.deposit() function.

PHASE 03

Oracle Valuation

Contract queries Chainlink oracle and adds USD value privately using FHE.asEuint128().

PHASE 04

Update Encrypted State

Contract increments _collateral[user] and grants read permissions to user wallet via FHE.allow().

Ready to borrow privately?

Experience confidential lending on Arbitrum Sepolia. Your positions stay encrypted.

Currently live on Arbitrum Sepolia testnet